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Substances, plants and mushrooms

The list contains the most frequently asked about and most common causes of poisoning in humans. You can search for items by typing in a search word. If you do not find the item you are looking for, you may call the Poison Information Center 0800 147 111 to check if it is poisonous.

Plant and mushroom species and genera are listed depending on whether all species of a genus are poisonous or only some. Unfortunately, the Poison Information Center is not able to identify plants and mushrooms over the phone. Identification should always take place on the spot.

In addition to books on mushroom identification, mushroom experts can help you identify mushrooms. Experts can be found via mycological societies and the Martha Organization, for example.

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Deadly webcap (Cortinarius rubellus)

Mushrooms

​Deadly webcap is a deadly poisonous mushroom, which can cause kidney failure. Usually symptoms occur 3 days after ingestion (onset of the symptoms range from 12 hours to 14 days). Vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and excessive thirst are typical symptoms in the beginning.

Ingestion of a small amount (less than a cube of sugar) does not require any treatment. If the ingested amount is more than a cube of sugar, administer activated charcoal and seek medical assistance. Contact the Poison Information Center if someone has ingested Deadly webcap. Save the mushroom for possible identification afterwards.

Death cap (Amanita phalloides)

Mushrooms

Death cap is a deadly poisonous mushroom, which can cause liver failure. Usually symptoms begin within 6-24 hours after ingestion. The typical symptoms in the beginning are severe abdominal pain, vomiting and watery diarrhea. 

Ingestion of a small amount (less than a cube of sugar) does not require any treatment. If the ingested amount is more than a cube of sugar, administer activated charcoal and seek medical assistance. Contact the Poison Information Center if someone has ingested Death cap. Save the mushroom for possible identification afterwards.​

Deodorant

Substances

A single dose is considered harmless. Does not require treatment.

Dermatological creams

Substances

Keywords: lotion, moisturising cream

A single dose is considered harmless. In large amounts, creams may cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Does not require treatment.​

Desiccant bags, capsules and grains

Substances

Keywords: Dehydrating agent, Silica gel

A single dose of desiccant typically found in shoeboxes, electronic device packages and the lids of vitamin supplement and medicine jars is considered harmless. Does not require treatment.​

Detergents (corrosive)

Substances

​Keywords: drain cleaners, toilet cleaners, oven cleaners, hypochlorite compounds, laundry pods, dishwasher detergents

Detergents with pH under 2 (acid), or over 11, 5 (alkaline) can cause chemical burns.

Ingestion: Rinse the mouth. If the person develops symptoms such as difficulties in swallowing, increased salivation, vomiting or abdominal pains, seek immediate medical assistance. 

On the skin or in the eye: Rinse with water for at least 30 to 60 minutes. If severe pain or burns develop, or the skin becomes inflamed, take the patient to the doctor. If symptoms such as severe pain, swelling, sensitivity to light or tearing develop in the eye during the next hours, take the patient to the doctor.

Inhaled: During household cleaning the exposure is usually temporary, move to fresh air.

Detergents (irritating)

Substances

​Keywords: Fairy, washing-up liquids, dishwasher detergents, laundry detergents, fabric softeners, all-purpose cleaner, toilet freshener

Detergents with a pH between 2 and 11,5 may cause irritation.

Ingestion: Detergents contain foaming agents. When accidentally ingested, the dose is typically small. Rinse the mouth and avoid copious drinking to prevent excessive foaming.

In case of intentional or large amount ingested detergents, seek always medical assistance.

In the eye: Rinse the eye with plenty of water for about 15 minutes. If symptoms of inflammation (such as severe pain, swelling, sensitivity to light or tearing) develop during the next hours, take the patient to the doctor.

Disinfectants

Substances

The contents of disinfectants vary greatly. Contact the Poison Information Centre to confirm toxicity.

Electronic cigarette

Substances

​Even a small amount of e-liquid with nicotine can cause severe poisoning. Always contact the Poison Information Centre to confirm toxicity!

Essential oils

Substances

Keywords: fragrance oils, scented drops, sauna oils, essential oils

Even a small amount of essential oil can be toxic. When assessing toxicity, it is important to determine whether the ingested product is a 100% pure essential oil or a dilution. Contact the Poison Information Centre to confirm toxicity, if necessary.

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